Prostitution Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prostitution - Coursework Example This was during the Korean war, when a tremendously high rate of sexually transmitted diseases began to affect the active soldier duty roster. Back home, prostitution is considered illegal in all U.S. states except Nevada. The reason being that Nevada has a historical connection to prostitution dating all the way back to the 18th century. According to Karah Lucas Nevada limits prostitution to legally registered brothels and towns with populations of less than 400,000 thus leaving Clark and Washoe counties out of the program (Legal Prostitution Has A Special Presence in Nevada, p. 1). The legalized prostitution program of Nevada has had a positive effect on the trade which our government should actually take notice of. Since the trade is overseen by the state, there are actually rules and regulations that insure the protection of the women in the trade, the men who partake of the benefits of the trade, and the state to whom the brothels pay business taxes to. According to Paul Armetano (The Case For Legalized Prostitution, p.1) , sexually transmitted diseases are actually controlled from spreading because of the weekly mandated testing for the prostitutes. For some strange reason, the brothels also take pride in having healthy women on their staff because it shows the quality of their â€Å"business†. Even though there are actual benefits to be had from the legalization of prostitution, such as the control of sexually transmitted diseases, protection of the sex worker, standardization of the work practice, and more importantly, additional income for the city or state, there are still those conservatives who fail to see these reasons. They choose to remain in their out-dated and out-moded world where prostitution is something that destroys lives due to the degradation and objectification of women. For those in the military service,

Toyota Strategy Analysis

Toyota Strategy Analysis Automobile sector is known as one of the worlds most competitive and high tech sectors. But it is very difficult to enter into this sector because it needs huge capital to develop an infrastructure to compete with big giants of the market. Toyota corporation is also one the big giants. The following study is an analysis of this. The company was started in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, now it is the second largest automobile manufacturer in the world after General motors. The following study undertakes the brief analysis of the different strategies implemented in the Toyota Corporation. These strategies were belonging to resource school of strategies and their main emphasis is on product quality. This study also provide us a insight view about the strength and weakness of Toyota and what are the future opportunities for them and what are the threats they can face as well. Introduction: Company Overview: Toyota is one of the leading Automobile manufacturers from Japan. The company manufactures almost all kind of vehicles like Buses, cars, SUVs, Forklifts, industrial vehicles and trucks. It was established in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. In 1933 in his father factory, which was named as Toyoda automatic looms works Ltd., he established a small automobile unit. Then he visited many automobile plants in the United States. His unit was working to create fuel efficient vehicles in which they got succeeded in 1935. Than in 1937 he formally launched his own company with the name of Toyota Motors Company Limited. Toyota released its prototype small car in 1947. In 1949 the company was near insolvency, does not meet the payroll, and had to deal with the problems of workers. Toyoda left the seat due to economic failure in 1949. Shoichi Saito and Eiji Toyoda who were his successor start the business with modern techniques and injected more capital to take it in running form. They build Kanban system in 1954, to ensure that all manufacturing parts must be available in the stocks. The popular models were Celica which was introduced in 1970, Tercel was developed in 1978 and the most renowned Model Camry was introduced in 1980. Till 1980, Japan had manufactured more vehicles than the vehicles manufactured in United States and Toyota was one step below from the world largest cars producing company GM (General Motors). Toyota and GM motor joined hand in 1984 to build a new combine manufacturing Unit Lexington, Kentucky. After that, for the next ten years from 1980s to 1990s to build new plants in North America Toyota invested 6.5 billion US dollars. They diverted their attentions towards luxurious car manufacturing. In the global recession while every company i s in losses Toyota did not lose its market worth. Toyota has introduced first electricity and gasoline empowered car in 1997. In next two years they sold these cars in Japan up to 30,000. Over the time period its demand increases with a massive rate. Aims of Repot: This Report will provide a complete insight about the strategies of Toyota Corporation. It will tell us about the current business position of Toyota and how they have maintained the competitive advantage in the most competitive automobile industry. This will also provide us knowledge about different strategies used by Toyota. Literature Review Toyotas mission vision Toyota vision: Toyota Company is having very broader visions that depicts from their vision statement which is To be the most successful and respected car company in America It shows that Toyota wants to be the best company of the world but also to be best they do not want to comprise on their quality and customer friendliness. They want to be respected by their customers as well as their all other stake holders. Toyota mission: Toyota is company which is known due to its quality products. They provide their customer best quality and high value products in order to gain their loyalty this is also depicts from their mission statement. To attract and attain customers with high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience in America. This mission statement tells us that the mission of the Toyota is all about its customer. They want to provide high value products to attract new customers and to retain the older ones as well. Toyotas global strategic decision making Toyota Company has claimed that they will setup technology centers which will gear up their global decision making capabilities. They have faced 8 million orders of new cars per year thats why they need a speedy decision making system. They will increase the different center around the world in order to increase the efficiency of the product and speedy order processing. For this they have decided to build 6 units in North America, 6 in china and 7 units in Europe and many more in other countries. They are trying to be the world largest cars manufacturing company for this purpose they are decided to build Customer first training center in which they will ensure the quality and quantity of the products. The head of Toyota Company Akio Toyoda is giving more emphasis on the quality of the product in order to get more loyalty of the customer. For this purpose he has appointed the five best Chief quality officers around the world Including, For Europe Didier Leroy, For North America Angelo, For Asia Region Sonoda, Masahiro Kato is selection for China, and Africa, Latin America and Middle East he has appointed Two person Katsutada Masumoto and Hisayuki. The Main emphasis of Toyota Companys decision is to gain the customer loyalty and trust. Thats why in their every decision or strategy customer is the main beneficiary person. Recent Credit crunch badly affected the demand and growth of the Toyota. People purchasing powers are very low in this day thats why no one is going to buy new cars. This results a decrease in demand for new cars and eventually it will result in the reduction in the profit of the company. TOYOTA PEST ANALYSIS (P)OLITICAL: Instability is caused due to fuel efficiency an important decision factor for car buyers, increasing the chance of the plug-in hybrid. You can see some consumers will buy a hybrid plug-in like a train, dependence on foreign oil, and one that serves to strengthen the independence of the United States reduce the purchasing power in relation to the government. The Political instability around the world due to war and terror is also a big challenge for Toyota Corporation. (E)CONOMIC: The Oil prices by the concerns of increasing supply and demand will increase the attractiveness of the vehicle features such as plug-in hybrids that are less dependent on gasoline. Government increased tax credits and tax increases for gasoline, the possibility of plug-in hybrids. Global oil consumption has exceeded global production. India and china are growing at 8-10% per year put an enormous demand for oil on the world market prices to stay stable. (S)OCIO-CULTURAL: Positive factor for Toyota is that it is overall market leader with hybrid technology. Consumers will realize more their ecological footprint in the upcoming years. The operation of a hybrid is a status symbol in the young Hollywood. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL: Sales of hybrid vehicles will increase the competitive advantage over competitors with the potential mass market for hybrid technology and has established a strong position to innovate and develop hybrid platform to ward off competition. Next three years, Toyota and Honda are planning to hybrid power train to reduce weight by 50%. They also seek; the price of hybrid technology from $ 4,000 to $ 1,900 per vehicle as much low as possible. SWOT Analysis on Toyota Motor Corporation (S)trengths Toyota is having a very good recognition among 170 countries due to its multinational image. There is massive growth rate over the year around 29.3% with sales turn over around  £131,511 million during 2009. Due to its Lean production system which constitute of TQM a JIT Toyota has gained Worlds No. 1 Position. Toyota is considered now one of the worlds large car manufacturers due to entrance in major market of US, China and EMEA etc. Toyota is having Research and development center which is ensuring quality and environmental friendliness of the products. (Toyota Annual Report: 2009) (W)eakness Toyota is regarding as foreign imports due to the Japan based company. Toyota most of manufacturing Units are located in US and Japan only, while its competitors are taking the advantages of low production cost, cheaper labor and other cheaper management costs. (O)pportunities Due to shortage of Oil and increase in oil prices Toyotas management is looking for other alternatives like gas-guzzling cars and they are looking for new hybrid gas and electric cars production on mass scale. (Toyota Annual Report: 2009) Toyota is looking for cars that can increase performance, fuel efficiency and mainly environmental friendly. To develop the car which are controlled through electricity and fulfills the institutional and social requirements and cost effective for this purpose Toyota has established their Eco-Vehicle Assessment center. (Toyota Website) Now they are looking for big countries for the expansion purpose like Brazil, India, Pakistan, China and Russia. (T)hreats Competitive pressure is increased due to increase in Research and Development and belligerent marketing campaigns. Increase in the prices of raw materials. Decrease in the demand of new cars due to the recent recession around the globe. Purchasing power of the people is almost down to earth. To cater the need of larger family units who demand for larger cars. (Demographic Factor Website) In western countries there is large trend of using public transport instead of their own vehicles, this will eventually decrease the demand for new cars. (Market Research website) Nowadays people are more contented to send their child through school or college busses instead of their own cars. BCG Matrix (Toyotas products) The BCG model depicts that how much priority should be given to the particular business unit. Following is Toyota BCG model: The BCG Model Of Toyota Company Business growth Rate High Stars (Corolla) Question Mark (Cuore) Low Cash Cows (HiLux) Dogs High Low Relative Position Market Share The BCG Model Of Toyota Corolla Business growth Rate High Stars (2.0 D, 2.0 D Saloon) Question Mark (SE Saloon, GLi) Low Cash Cows (Xli 1.3) Dogs High Low Relative Position Market Share Toyota Resources School of Strategy: The Resource strategy is based on the argument that some companies develop a collection of their key competencies in which they can differentiate themselves from their competitors. The Toyota is known for its quality which they have developed after the hard work and commitment of decades. They have invested a lot in their employees, in their structure, in their manufacturing units, and most importantly in their products in order to reach this skill level. Porters 5 Forces and Generic Strategies (on Toyota) Threat of New Entrants: In Automobile business the threat of new entrance in the industry are very low because it is a high tech industry and needs huge amount of capital and innovative technology to establish a manufacturing unit. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Toyota is one of the leading automobile manufacturers and holding a major share in the global market, so it has dominant role on its suppliers but it does not manipulate the rights of suppliers it take cares them and their needs as well. Intensity of Rivalry: The competition is very high in the Automobile industry the larger Automobile companies are General Motors, Ford and Honda are its main competitor. They are having large resources and they can any strategy to have customer without taking care of capital back up. Bargaining Power of Customers: As there is a large no. of substitute available in the market and the bargaining power of customer is high. Threat of Substitutes: Due to many substitutes available in the market for Toyota products as other manufacturers are producing same quality products as well.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   7S Model (7s strategies of Toyota) Strategy Share Values System Style Structure Skills Staff Western Management of the Toyota is giving more importance to the hard side of the seven Ss model which includes structure, strategy and system. They give their more intentions towards day to day activities and daily events and to develop a better organizational structure in order to have and maintain competitive advantage. On the other hand Japanese management of Toyota pay more value to soft side of seven Ss model which includes sills, shared values and staff etc. They pay more intentions to get competitive advantage through their employees, they provide them training and different skills to enhance their working power and they have unique leadership style and unique shared values. DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR TOYOTA In the market the price is totally depended on the price which is offered by the seller and the prices on which the buyer is willing to buy the product that is called market price. Here we will discuss the Toyotas demand and supply side factors which are the essential elements of the automobile market. The Following factors influence the demand and supply of automobile: 1. The price at which seller is ready to sell in the market after bargaining. 2. The price which at which any potential buyer is ready to buy from the market. In the market the Buyers make an offer for car and the seller has right either to accept it or reject it. Analysis of the Factors which affect the demand and supply of Toyota: The main factors which affect the demand of the Toyota in the UK are population, Income POPULATION The increase in population will result in increase in demand for the products. The increase in the population will increase the long run demand for Toyota cars. When the population increases the people will go for new product this will automatically increase the demand for products which are prevailing in the market. Following charts will show the rightward shift in the demand of the Toyota products which will cause due to the increase in the population around the world. P S D1 D When demand goes up Toyota has to increase its supply to cope with market needs. The New demand for Toyota products is depicted through D1 curve. INCOME Other determinant of demand and supply is the Income of adult. The Toyota Company has to look the income rate of adults before setting their prices. To increase the market share the Toyota has to look the right segment for the right products. As income level goes up the demand for the products also increases. Following charts will show the rightward shift in the demand of the Toyota products which will cause due to the increase in the income level of the population. P S D1 D When demand goes up Toyota has to supply to cope with market needs. The New demand for Toyota products is depicted through D1 curve.    Why is Toyota leading from others? The rise of Japanese manufacturers in the positions of global hegemony in the decades after World War II is well known. In recent years, despite the known problems for Japanese companies like Nissan and Toyota cars worldwide, including continued and even increased its competitiveness. This is based on the philosophy of a competitive advantage, such as the Toyota Production System that is well known. System depends in part on the management of human resources policies, promoting creativity and loyalty of employees, but also and above all, a very efficient network of suppliers, manufacturers of components. Toyota is second on the list, which includes fourteen worlds best manufacturers, including General Motors and Ford. While Honda and Nissan are now also considered high quality cars manufacturers but they can never defeat the Toyota in advantages of suppliers networks, Human resource management and distribution systems in World and in also in the most competitive market United States. Critical Analysis of Toyota: The technology is found all over the world and it is important to experiment for the company is recognized worldwide. In the world of automotive industry, Toyota is considered is to be a leading automobile company from Japan. This status they achieved by spending billions of dollars on new design and innovations in car and mass marketing campaigns. Toyota is in the eyes of consumers has emerged, many cars in the world. Toyota is enjoying a global reputation by building new, innovative and best quality products in affordable prices. As compared to its competitor Toyota is offering lower prices. The quality is the core strategy of the Toyota they do not compromise on it. They believe on a long term relationship with suppliers and with all other stake holders. Typically, the companies do not want to reduce their returns and follow the target strategy is for sale at cost price + profit = Sales prices. But Toyotas is having different approach a bit , which is devised in the car price cos t = profit. Strategic management in all organizations on their activities has a direct impact. This is the reason due to which Toyota is the leading car manufacturers policy; strategic management is attractive which has established in the world. It is easy for your new employees and managers, such as design and installation of the new car, get Training in the Centers which are located near to them. Toyota plans to build more new plants. Toyota is now one of leading automobile dealers due to its strategic management. The result of this strategic architecture, are based on a thorough analysis of corporate resources and skills, as well as the orchestration of strategic resources and capabilities over time in measures of productivity. Product quality of Toyota was compared with five other companies including Nissan, Honda, GM, Ford and Volkswagen. In vehicles problems that Toyota received are one on per hundred vehicles that make top ranked company among industry giants. This is harmonized by a recent test conducted on truck safety, Trucks Insurance Institute of America. In this study, rating of the Toyota Tundra was a good one amongst all its competitors. Impact of additional Assets The Following chart shows the data of productivity of the cars over 6 years from 2003 to 2008 amongst 6 giant car producers including, Ford, GM, Honda, Toyota, Nissan and Volkswagen. Above figure shows the employees productivity over 6 the years for different car producing countries. GM motors show very low productivity in terms of per employee. They start from 10,000 $ per employee which is very low they improve over the years but not as compared to others. In the end of 2008 they can just touched the 12500 dollar per employee productivity. The second company is also showing low results in terms of the productivity for per employee. They have fluctuations over the last 6 years. They started with 10300 $ and in the 2007 they crossed 15000 for per employee. But they went down in 2008 to 10800 $ productivity for per employee. Next company is Ford they are showing good growth over the years. The good thing was its having constant growth. They started with 15600 $ and after a constant growth ended with 25000 $ for per employee at the end of 2008. The Toyota is leading amongst the all; they are showing very good results over the 6 years from 2003 to 2008. They started good and end is also good. Toyota started with record opening of 42500$ per employee productivity. They are improved over the years. In the second year they went down little bit but they recovered from the very next year. They ended with the remarkable ending of 62500 US dollar per employee productivity. Even the world No. 1 company cannot compete with Toyota in terms of productivity. Honda is also showing very good results like the Ford Motors. They started very low from 13500 $ and ended with 23000 $ after 6 years. Nissan is also showing fluctuations over the years and the Volkswagen shown very low results as compared to all. BCG model Analysis: According to BCG analysis we can see Corolla line of products of Toyota is falling in stars that show the high growth rate and high market share as well. In needs a lot of investment because every new cent invested in this category will result in high returns. When we make further BCG matrix of Corolla line of product we found that 2.0 D and 2.0 D saloon these two models fall in stars it means these models are having high growth rate and high market share as well. They can earn much more results. SE saloon and GLi lies in question marks they need analysis to increase market shares. Xli 1.3 falls in cash cows and it has slow growth rate and having high market share. The Cuore Line of products of Toyota are having very high growth rate but very less market share as compared to Corolla line of products. Hilex line of products lies in Cash Cow category that have high market share but now low growth rate. It is also about to saturation point. Conclusions Recommendations Recommendations: The Toyota has achieved its current status by maintaining its product quality now they have market reputation so they never have to compromise on quality in every situation because competition is very strong and no room for mistakes.3 Secondly Toyota has good human resource management system as well it can also improve it to maintain its competitive edge. Toyota have many models which are performing very well in the market but on the other hand there are many other models which are just wasting the resources of the company, Toyota needs to do a brief analysis of them and if it is not possible to bring them in stars then company must have to drop these models. For investors, Toyota is still very good option to invest it is having very well past records, high productivity and huge market share and we can expect future demand as well. Conclusion: The Toyota is considered a place with high job satisfaction and to produce the high quality and customer oriented products. Toyota is one of the leading car producer made so many changes in their own plants and as well as their suppliers units as well. Toyota has adopted very successful system and developed a customer oriented market structure. Over the few years we have seen many drastic changes in the Toyota products which resulted in the high growth and more capital share.

Prostitution in the 19th and 20th Centuries Essay -- Prostitute Prosti

During the late 19th- and early 20th century, the nature of society forced the working class women of America to take advantage of any means to support themselves, including prostitution. Each woman had to decide herself which work option best supported her financially. During this time, women had limited options as far as work was concerned. As time went on, more and more women were forced to work, because they had no husband and no other means of building up a dowry for a husband. By 1910 the wage labor force was made up of about 20% of women as young as fourteen. The wages these women earned were unbelievably low, and at times as much as 80% lower than the wages men earned. Possible job opportunities for the women included options such as a textile factory, which consisted of clothing and fabric production. In these factories, the women ran high risks to their health. More wealthy people would hire these women for domestic services such as nannies, or house servants. These jobs sometimes required the woman to live at that residence, and the women ran the constant risk of being molested by a higher-class ranking individual. Department stores were also willing to hire women. However, the set-back to this type of work was that the women we re sometimes expected to purchase expensive dress up clothing that most of the time they couldn’t afford. The women were advised to â€Å"round out their meager salaries by finding a ‘†gentleman friend†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to purchase clothing and pleasures†(Peiss, 79). Prostitution was a reliable work engagement that many women participated in. Why did the women feel this was their best option? Several critical, attractive benefits that only prostitution offered contributed to women’s’ choice of ... ...dle-class reform women could have reversed their movements from the women, and turned them toward the men who were putting the prostitutes in business. Those prostitutes could not have been prostitutes if it were not for the eager men paying them for it. However, perhaps a reason this was not done was because the reform women did not have the means to do something as drastic as this because they were, after all, women in a time of man control. Women did not have the same leisurely rights to do as they pleased that men had. I feel that both the reform women and the working-class prostitutes had reasonable bounds for what they fought for. I think that if women had had the rights that men did, prostitution may never have existed. Therefore, personally I blame the men for neglecting women rights, and forcing them to find other, less moral ways to support themselves.

Reading Strategies

Reading Strategies Worksheet †¢ How do you currently approach the weekly readings in the course? I approach the weekly readings with a lot of energy so that when I read the material it stays fresh in my mind. I also like to take notes as I read highlighting the main points in each paragraph. I approach my readings as if it were my job and take the information provided very seriously. I look at is as the tools to my trade and to not fully comprehend the text means that I can’t fully accomplish my goal of getting a degree. How might you incorporate three of the suggestions covered this week into your study time? I could incorporate some of the suggestions given to me by previewing my text. This could help tremendously because it helps you to get a view of what it is you are about to read and helps with recognizing things you already know. Another strategy is marking my textbook. This can help by letting me reference my notes rather than read through the entire material over again. One final strategy I could incorporate is readings in time blocks. This helps me to focus more on what I am reading so that I can keep the information I gain fresh in my mind. †¢ How might this plan help you accomplish your reading goals? This plan could help me accomplish my reading goals by helping me to focus and comprehend more. Also by increasing my reading level. This plan could help me to be more of a conscious reader and not just one who reads material and doesn’t retain any of the information. This can also be helpful by letting me skim over the text due to my note taking and mapping.

The Lincoln Electric Company

Headquartered in Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, The Lincoln Electric Company is a world leader in welding and cutting products, as well as a premier manufacturer of electric motors. The company is well known for its dedicated, talented workforce and its superior technology. Lincoln Electric Company gives its customers total solutions along with a commitment to quality. Lincoln Electric Company is also well known for its incentive management system. Many companies strive to duplicate the success that Lincoln has enjoyed over the years. John C. Lincoln founded Lincoln Electric Company in 1895 with a capital investment of $200. At first he only designed electric motors, but in 1909, he began to build welding machines. In 1814, he hired his brother James to be the VP and manager of his company. In 1934, the famous Lincoln bonus plan was instated as employees enjoyed bonuses of 25% of their base pay. By 1940, Lincoln employees enjoyed two times the average pay and productivity of similar Cleveland workers. Lincoln has built a very profitable company. This by way of treating all of its stakeholders with the utmost importance. Lincoln always kept its prices very fair, if not too fair for the customers. In many cases, the price of an item or service provided by Lincoln had gone down over the years. At the same time, employee†s salaries actually went up. This is just one example why Lincoln has flourished. Why are the employees at Lincoln Electric Company so pleased as well as so productive? Why were Lincoln employees willing to work overtime during an August vacation time in 1994? The following benefits are some of the main reasons why Lincoln employees will do almost anything to help its employer: an employee stock purchase plan company-paid life insurance piece rates adjusted for inflation a practice of lifetime employment Since its inception in 1895, Lincoln Electric Company was privately owned. This allowed for the protection of the processes that has kept Lincoln in the lead. However, after two years of losses in 1992 and 1993 due to a harsh foreign market, Lincoln Electric Company had to go public. With multi-million dollar, domestic updates and acquisitions in such countries as Italy, China, and Indonesia, Lincoln Electric Company wasted no time by dwelling on its first losses in Lincoln†s history. Lincoln is back on track as the world leader in arc welding, after faltering for only two years. Lincoln is committed to providing substantial value to all of its stakeholders. Very satisfied, dedicated and talented employees Incentive performance system Customer†s interests were held as more important than the stockholder†s Low prices kept customers pleased Exceptional quality (one Lincoln distributor said he sold hundreds of Lincoln welders without even one return Good relationships with unions Lincoln would guarantee a price quote in writing Having to go public after nearly 100 years The incentive pay scheme needs some updates Try to regain the its long-time standing as a privately owned company Stockholders could threaten with the need for a traditional pay scheme and this could interfere with the excellent relationship that Lincoln Electric has with its employees There is really nothing that Lincoln Electric Company can do that has not already been done. Lincoln Electric Company never had a loss until it†s over sea operations began to suffer in 1992. During the global organization, Lincoln†s employees voluntarily postponed their vacations in order to meet customer demand. Sales records have been set for every quarter since mid 1993. The only area that I see that could be changed is the way that the employees are compensated.

100% Will Suffice

100% Will Suffice 100% Will Suffice 100% Will Suffice By Simon Kewin It’s quite common to read of people particularly sportsmen and performers promising to â€Å"give 110%† effort. England cricketer Andrew Flintoff, for example, once promised to give â€Å"110% in every game† he played. Of course, to do so would be impossible. When something is finite, 100% means all of it. You can’t give more effort than you can give. The term only really makes sense when comparing two amounts. You could put 110% effort into one game as compared to that of a previous game, but only if you hadn’t tried properly in the previous game, or if (say) you’re fitter and can now make more of an effort. Still, you can’t put in more than 100% of your available effort.   Of course, it could be argued that this term is an acceptable colloquialism. Flintoff just meant he would try his absolute hardest. As so often, whether you should use the phrase depends on what you are writing. The term sometimes crops up in serious, factual pieces such as job advertisements or job applications, where it is surely inappropriate. If you were creating a fictional character with very precise language, you wouldn’t expect them to use such a term. But if you were creating a sporting character it may well be entirely reasonable for them to say something like this.   One problem, though, is the inflation that sets in once the 100% barrier has been breached. If it’s possible to give 110%, is giving 120% trying even harder? Obviously neither claim makes logical sense; the language just becomes more and more meaningless. It’s fairly common for people to say they will give 200%, or 1000% effort. Phil Brown, the manager of an English football club, recently claimed his players were â€Å"one million percent† behind him. Search the internet and you can find people saying they will give one billion percent effort. And so on, presumably, until we reach infinity percent.   Terms like â€Å"giving 110% effort† are now clichà ©s. If you want to convey the idea of trying really hard, it’s better to find another way of expressing the idea. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Disappointed + PrepositionGlimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Harrod-Domar Model Essays - Economics, Economic Growth, Free Essays

Harrod-Domar Model Essays - Economics, Economic Growth, Free Essays Harrod-Domar Model #1 A) The Harrod-Domar Model is the simplest and best-known production function used in the analysis of economic development. This model explains the relationship between the growth and unemployment in advanced capitalist societies. However, the Harrod-Domar Model is used in developing nations as an easy way of looking at the relationships between growth and capital requirements. This model does explain the differences in growth performances between countries. The model allows you to predict an estimate of growth for a nation. Which can be compared to predictions of growth for a different country. B) The sources of growth is a different form of the production function. This new function gives the analyst the ability to separate out the different causes of growth. The factors of this equation concern the growth rate of any variable, share of income in any input, national product, capital stock, labor, arable land

Latin Numbers - The Ordinal or Ordered Numbers

Latin Numbers - The Ordinal or Ordered Numbers Latin ordinal numbers are ordered numbers: as in other Indo-European languages, they are adjectives which refer to the order of a set of objects in a list. English ordinals are words like first, second, third, expressed in Latin primus, secundus, tertius. In contrast, cardinal numbers are nouns which tell you how many objects there are. Cardinal numbers in Latin are unus, duo, tres; English versions of those are one, two, three. Variations The ordinal numbers in Latin are declined like first and second declension adjectives. There are some oddities to note: Some versions of the numbers have a variable presence of n before s and both spellings are acceptablefor 21st in the feminine, you might see una et vicesima twenty-first or the contracted form unetvicesima. For other compounds, as in English, different texts use different versions. You may see the larger number before the smaller with no conjoining ​et or you might see the smaller before with larger separated by the conjunction et. Thus, you may see either vicesimus quartus (twenty-fourth, with the et) or quartus et vicesimus (four and twenty, with the et). For 28th, the Latin ordinal number is based on the idea of taking 2 from 30 or duodetricensimus, just as the duo de 2 from precedes 20th in the ordinal number for 18th: duodevicesimus. Primus Through Decimus Below are listed the basic ordinal numbers in Latin with the Roman numeral corresponding to their  value and their English equivalent. Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationI. | primus (-a, -um) | firstII. | secundus, alter | secondIII. | tertius | thirdIV. | quartus | fourthV. | quintus | fifthVI. | sextus | sixthVII. | septimus | seventhVIII. | octavus | eighthIX. | nonus | ninthX. | decimus | tenth Undescimus Through Nonus Decimus Variations are present in the Latin ordinals for tenth through nineteenth. If that seems strange, recall that English ordinals for 11th (eleventh) and 12th (twelfth) are formed differently than higher ones (thirteenth through nineteenth). Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationXI. | undecimus | eleventhXII. | duodecimus | twelfthXIII. | tertius decimus or decimus et tertius | thirteenthXIV. | quartus decimus or decimus et quartus | fourteenthXV. | quintus decimus or decimus et quintus | fifteenthXVI. | sextus decimus or decimus et sextus |  sixteenthXVII. | septimus decimus or decimus et septimus | seventeenthXVIII. | duodevice(n)simus, also octavus decimus | eighteenthXIX. | undevice(n)simus, also nonus decimus | nineteenth Ac Deinceps Exortis et Superiora Loca Ordinals higher than 20th follow the same patterns and variations as those seen in first through nineteenth. Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationXX. | vice(n)simus | twentiethXXI. | unus et vice(n)simus, also vicesimus primus | twenty-firstXXII. | alter et vice(n)simus or vicesimus secundus |  twenty-secondXXX. | trice(n)simus or trigesimus | thirtiethXL. | quadrage(n)simus | fortiethL. | quinquage(n)simus | fiftiethLX. | sexage(n)simus | sixtiethLXX. | septuage(n)simus | seventiethLXXX. | octoge(n)simus | eightiethXC. | nonage(n)simus | ninetiethC. | cente(n)simus | hundredthCC. | ducente(n)simus |  two-hundredthCCC. | trecentensimus | three-hundredthCCCC. | quadringentensimus |  four-hundredthD. | quingentensimus | five-hundredthDC. | sescentensimus | six-hundredthDCC. | septingentensimus | seven-hundredthDCCC. | octingentensimus | eight-hundredthDCCCC. | nongentensimus | nine-hundredthM. | millensimus | thousandthMM. | bis millensimus | two-thousandth

Best Practice HRM in Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Best Practice HRM in Taiwan - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to the transition of human resource management in Taiwan, and to propose recommendations for MNCs that are facing human resource management shift. The best practice model is usually applied to reward system management. Pfeffer develops and describes the impact and importance of HR policies for effective performance and motivation. Following Pfeffer (1998a), "labor markets are far from perfectly efficient, it is nonetheless the case that some relationship exists between what a firm pays and the quality of the workforce it attracts" (p. 80). The aim of this model is to attract and retain the best employees able to create competitive advantage and meet the needs of organization. Motivation factors are the core of this theory. "If the organization enjoys increased profitability and performance as a result of the efforts of its people, then considerations of equity virtually demand that the entire workforce, not just some senior managers share in the returns through higher pay' (Pfeffer 1998a, p. 220). The "best practice" approach helps to achieve effectiveness of performance and specific goals including maintenance of high standards in order to deliver customer satisfaction. Unique talents among employees, including superior performance, productivity, flexibility, innovation, and the ability to deliver high levels of personal customer service are ways in which people provide a critical ingredient in developing an organization's competitive position (Chandler and Mcevoy 2000). People also provide the key to managing the pivotal interdependencies across functional activities and the important external relationships. It can be argued that one of the clear benefits arising from competitive advantage based on the effective management of people is that such an advantage is hard to imitate. An organization's HR strategies, policies and practices are a unique blend of processes, procedures, personalities, styles, capabilities and organizational culture. "Pfeffer (1994) maintains certain employment practices, including internal career ladders, extensive training, worker discretion, extensive training, generally contribute to high levels of organizational performance" (Lawler et al 2003, p. 4). Discussion Section The transition of human resource management in Taiwan is based on the need to adapt the economy and HR practices to changing economic and political environments and create strong workforce. Multinational corporations are often regarded as a potential source of convergence in international HRM in that they are expected to use their international perspective to promote the diffusion of 'best practice' HR techniques. One of the most important consequences of 'best practice' in joint ventures has been the introduction of a more systematic management approach in that the systems were defined in writing, standardized and operated on a regular basis (Chandler and Mcevoy 2000). "Taiwan is particularly noted for its small and medium-sized firms, both in the high-technology sector and in more traditional industries. One advantage of being small is that such organizations can be highly flexible and thus much more responsive to rapidly shifting and unpredictable economic conditions" (Lawler et al 2000, p. 5). A majority of MNCs have placed a

Examine the consequences of the establishment of a system of universal Research Paper

Examine the consequences of the establishment of a system of universal health care - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, there are difficulties ahead. There are two ways to implement a program of universal healthcare. The first is to have the government pay for all necessary healthcare expenses as is done in Canada. This is sometimes called the single payer method. Healthcare is centrally rationed and is available to all by dint of citizenship or residency. This is a good method of delivering the service—even if it is very expensive—but it is hard to implement in a highly developed economy such as the United States'. The second method is to force insurance companies to insure everyone. Normally, insurers don't like people who have preexisting conditions which make them risky. The government can create laws that force them to offer insurance anyway. Usually, the insurers will receive a subsidy to help them out. Before Obamacare passed, many liberals sought a pure public option. But is a public option such a great step forward? With the cost of healthcare rapidly accelerating, it may be too taxing for many countries to implement. Even in Canada, there is an increasing movement towards private clinics (Kraus).

Organic restaurant Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organic restaurant - Term Paper Example As a means of gaining a competitive advantage in the market, the restaurant will employ professional nutritionists to facilitate menu planning. Apart from offering meals to the clients’, the restaurant will provide additional support services to their clients. The restaurants employees will supply nutritional information on food items delivered to their clients (Fullen 116). Health life will collaborate with health institutions in researching on the best diet to offer to the market. Additionally, the restaurant will assess the impacts that consumption of organic foods on the population. Market segmentation will equally constitute a strategy for use at health life restaurant. The restaurant will group their clients to meet the demands of special interest groups. For example, preparation of foods for vegetarians will be advantageous in catering for the special interest groups. The location of the facility in Hollywood will provides an opportunity of engaging in awareness campaigns. This will be achievable with the support of their celebrity clients who reside in Los Angeles. Operations at the restaurant will thrive because majority of the populations are aware of their nutritional needs. According to Fullen (111), employees and clients will play an integral role in influencing the choice of the corporate level strategies. The location of the restaurant will provide an opportunity to increase its publicity by targeting celebrity clients. The celebrities will assist in marketing the establishment as a restaurant that shows concern for people’s health. The restaurant will conduct operations differently from other restaurants. The management will equally focus on the needs of the market before coming up with the marketing strategies. The institution will employ analysts who will continuously monitor trends of the market before advising the management on the best

JP Morgan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JP Morgan - Case Study Example These laws are meant to regulate the financial markets in US. Impact of Federal interest rate hikes may deter investment because it costs more to borrow. Interest rates in USA remained in between 4%-5% in 2009. Strong dollar may make exporting more difficult because it may raise the price in terms of foreign currency. Declining personal savings rate.In September 2005, the personal saving rate as a percentage of disposable income was negative implying US consumers spent more than 100% of their monthly income. 3. Social Factors determine the way the society in groups behaves because of cultural factors. In US Increasing minority Population, increasing retiree Population, have their impact on the financial behaviour of the US saving and expenditure rate and ways. Customer Loyalty is very much determining sustenance of a business for long. J P Morgan has built this customer loyalty by strong brand equity.. 4. Technological Factors: The fast changing financial world of US and UK such as highly computerised service, online banking, insurance and IT integration of lending institutions have sizeable impact on the financial services of JP Morgan. 5. Ecological: Every business today is responsible for maintaining the ecological balance directly or indirectly. J P Morgan is active in taking up and investing in environmental projects to carry out this responsibility 6.Legal framework of US, UK and other countries where J P Morgan function has undergone fundamental changes on account of introduction of stringent law after sub-prime lending debacle having impact on the financial services of the company. Impact of insurance industry after deregulations has strong effect on the business operation US Financial Services Industry: An Analysis www.researchandmarkets.com/.../us_financial_services_industry_an_analysis.pdf SWOT analysis is to make a long list of every factor that defines the company's situation. JP Morgan as financial global company has several strength that sustained the company against tough competition. Strengths JP Morgan is a leading global financial brand with recorded revenues of $71,372 million during the fiscal year ended December 2007, an increase of 15.1% over 2006. The operating profit of the company was $22,805 million during the fiscal year 2007, an increase of 14.7% over 2006. The net profit was $15,365 million during the fiscal year 2007, an increase of 6.4% over 2006. They have extensive retail distribution network, high quality asset investments and Capital strength. Weaknesses Sub-prime exposure in the US and UK shook the entire financial world. Several months before the U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis surfaced, JP Morgan had detected accumulated such sub- prime risks associated with mortgage securities. The company dumped those risky assets and could avoid being trapped deeper. Opportunities J P Morgan diversified in banking and brokerage global

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud Assignment

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud - Assignment Example Staff education on the effects of fraud will help reduce or lower fraud. It’s imperative that an organization puts in place fraud auditing measures that should be reviewed regularly and also implement fraud prevention technologies with regard to information systems management and computer systems. Introduction Fraud is a pervasive act that involves but is not limited to unauthorized access to sensitive data and information, using deception and lies to outrightly misuse or fraudulently acquire organizations’ resources and assets or use company information for unintended purposes. The effects on the organization, the individuals involved and customers can range from negative to disastrous. This paper will evaluate the adverse effects of fraud on an organization; individuals and consumers make recommendations and give a conclusion on the effects of fraud. Literature review I. Effects to the consumer a) Fraud in business affects the consumer negatively; the customer is the reason why businesses exist and fraud actually impacts negatively on them. Consumers broadly refer to anyone involved in the dynamics of a business from people that buy from the organization to shareholders. b) Consumers are affected by fraud in business because they do not get their money’s worth; for instance, in a Ponzi scheme, consumers actually end up losing money eventually. A more common type of fraud is when organizations’ lie about the origins and quality of a product; they could, for instance, sell leather items as being handmade in Italy from buffalo hide when in reality the leather jackets are actually made in Vietnam by machines using cheap cowhide. c) Customers also suffer psychologically from a feeling of being cheated or swindled and thus lose faith in business. This tends to hurt expenditure on non-essential commodities like holidays which reduces the quality of life for these customers. d) Suppliers to a business that is shut down lose a customer; whi le customers also miss a product line. If there were some customers that depended on a product and the supplier is closed down due to fraud, these customers are greatly inconvenienced as they have to look for equivalent alternatives. II. Fraud affects a business and its stakeholders (Mongie, 2009) a) Fraud affects a business in that it can be shut down, suffer irreparable legal consequences that greatly erode its assets b) Businesses also lose credibility and suffer a great damage to their image. This causes stigmatization from former associates like suppliers. The blacklisting of a business will lead to its shut down (Mongie, 2009). c) Fraud strains businesses bottom-line by reducing its profits and revenue. It is estimated globally that fraud constitutes seven percent of an organizations’ revenue and this loss could be the difference between a firm making a loss or a profit d) The identities, wealth, assets, and private information of a firm’s employees especially ma nagers are put at risk due to internal fraud threats. Fraud leads to legal consequences that result in loss of career, family assets, and personal liberties in the event of one being jailed. III Fraud affects an economy overall a) Fraud means losses that can cause a business to shut down leading to job losses and for instance contributing to the unemployment rate figures, which give a poor indicator of the state of an economy (Shahabadi, 2007).  

Laboratory Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Laboratory - Lab Report Example In addition, The PACS system is equipped with a central core consisting of a 300-gigabyte central server; a set of 1.25-terabyte optical jukebox archive together with adjustable wavelet compression or PacsPro II that is an EMED Technologies, Lexington, MA; some workstations which are four-panel 2.5 2.0K monitors (average rate image display time is less than 2 sec/full-resolution computed radiography image. The Images in PACS system are routed to individual workstations based on the algorithm that applies a synthesis of patient location, image source, day of week, time of day, imaging type, and Common Procedure Terminology (CPT) code (Gale, Gale, Schwartz, Muse and Walker, 2000). Oracle is a new networking infrastructures and applications that provides highly available integrated and high level of performance software components that meets the demands of most industries. The Oracle empowers applications with very high throughput and instant responsiveness and performance-critical functions faster. The combination of programs are delivered on the data management requirements important to realize service agility like: Superior combination of batch performance and real-time for data located in call control as well as back office applications; Intelligent caching; Providing support geographically for "fail over" and load balancing; full adherence to standard interfaces; Easy manageability and low maintenance requirements; and non-stop operations capable of achieving carrier-grade availability (Oracle Corporation, 2007).All PACS products (The Royal College of Radiologists, 2002) consist of database that can store information of patients, at the same time, cataloguing their imaging studies. Several PACS installations integrate and use a single relational Oracle databases to data storage. The user then, interacts instantly with the Oracle

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud Assignment

Joseph Wellington Presentation about Management Fraud - Assignment Example Staff education on the effects of fraud will help reduce or lower fraud. It’s imperative that an organization puts in place fraud auditing measures that should be reviewed regularly and also implement fraud prevention technologies with regard to information systems management and computer systems. Introduction Fraud is a pervasive act that involves but is not limited to unauthorized access to sensitive data and information, using deception and lies to outrightly misuse or fraudulently acquire organizations’ resources and assets or use company information for unintended purposes. The effects on the organization, the individuals involved and customers can range from negative to disastrous. This paper will evaluate the adverse effects of fraud on an organization; individuals and consumers make recommendations and give a conclusion on the effects of fraud. Literature review I. Effects to the consumer a) Fraud in business affects the consumer negatively; the customer is the reason why businesses exist and fraud actually impacts negatively on them. Consumers broadly refer to anyone involved in the dynamics of a business from people that buy from the organization to shareholders. b) Consumers are affected by fraud in business because they do not get their money’s worth; for instance, in a Ponzi scheme, consumers actually end up losing money eventually. A more common type of fraud is when organizations’ lie about the origins and quality of a product; they could, for instance, sell leather items as being handmade in Italy from buffalo hide when in reality the leather jackets are actually made in Vietnam by machines using cheap cowhide. c) Customers also suffer psychologically from a feeling of being cheated or swindled and thus lose faith in business. This tends to hurt expenditure on non-essential commodities like holidays which reduces the quality of life for these customers. d) Suppliers to a business that is shut down lose a customer; whi le customers also miss a product line. If there were some customers that depended on a product and the supplier is closed down due to fraud, these customers are greatly inconvenienced as they have to look for equivalent alternatives. II. Fraud affects a business and its stakeholders (Mongie, 2009) a) Fraud affects a business in that it can be shut down, suffer irreparable legal consequences that greatly erode its assets b) Businesses also lose credibility and suffer a great damage to their image. This causes stigmatization from former associates like suppliers. The blacklisting of a business will lead to its shut down (Mongie, 2009). c) Fraud strains businesses bottom-line by reducing its profits and revenue. It is estimated globally that fraud constitutes seven percent of an organizations’ revenue and this loss could be the difference between a firm making a loss or a profit d) The identities, wealth, assets, and private information of a firm’s employees especially ma nagers are put at risk due to internal fraud threats. Fraud leads to legal consequences that result in loss of career, family assets, and personal liberties in the event of one being jailed. III Fraud affects an economy overall a) Fraud means losses that can cause a business to shut down leading to job losses and for instance contributing to the unemployment rate figures, which give a poor indicator of the state of an economy (Shahabadi, 2007).  

Introduction to Ethics -- Arguments for and against affirmative action Essay

Introduction to Ethics -- Arguments for and against affirmative action - Essay Example It seeks to create an environment where race and gender will not stand against someone’s ability to move up the hierarchy if one has the necessary skills and credentials for the job (Libertella, Sora & Natale, 2007). It is meant to correct the wrongs that have been created against the people of a specific gender, race, or religion. While the intentions were right, over time the imposition of AA started showing signs of reverse discrimination where the rights of the majority were at stake. Based on the policies of AA, people started giving preference to members of the target group without merit and the quotas for minorities were filled up carelessly. All these resulted in the White males being deprived of their basic rights. Thus Affirmative Action, while trying to provide equal opportunities to all, ends up in discriminating the Whites, and hence unethical. There will always be two sides to an argument and whether it is fair to the Whites or not, remains debatable. At times, some sacrifices for the greater good of the society are better than no action. If this be true, AA is justified because the intention is to provide more opportunities to the minorities and women. Nevertheless, this amounts to social segregation. Arguments again abound that social segmentation exists in every society based on religion, race and economic differences. Such segregation or discrimination might work for some time for social good. People have tried to justify that AA helped to make up for past wrongs. Instead of doing justice it violates the rights of the Whites for equal consideration (Stanford, 2005). Besides, discrimination on the basis of a belief that one race or sex is inferior is wrong because it violates the moral right to equal respect (Himma, 2001). Decision need to be taken based on character and abilities and not on stereotype. In a democratic system,

The Chisholms Kitchen

The Chisholms Kitchen Task 2 a A description of kitchen workflow, with a diagram to analyse workflow in â€Å"The Chisholms† kitchen. Workflow can be defined as It can be described as the progress (or rate of progress) in work being done. In the kitchen terminology it is the sequence of operations incurred in the processing of materials or (performing of essential functions) is called the flow of work. Conventionally, a good workflow in a kitchen means that materials and staff will move smoothly from the stores through preparation areas into cooking sections and then to the servers and the guest tables. Similarly, the dirty items will move back from the guest tables to wash up and back to the servers. http://www.expresshospitality.com/20060215/management08.shtml The work is always divided in the different sections and each section are joined into a layout and should follow a certain rules relating to the delivery (end product) Is know as the flow of work. Such flow of work is a natural and logical sequence that provides an ease of operations in the processing of materials i.e., food materials or doing of work. The need is to identify factors that make professionals achieve work with minimum movement and well within limited time. The basic crux of good designing is the intrinsic information of space (or would-be-kitchen) that should give optimum benefit. http://www.expresshospitality.com/20060215/management08.shtml For example for a small business its owner can manage his business freely but for a bigger restaurant it is necessary to have a clear work system that indicates the duties of each employee. For instance the reception takes care of the customers on arrival and guides them to the table. The waiters takes the order, the kitchen prepares the food and waiters later serve the process continues until the customers left the restaurant. In a restaurant in the kitchen has its own set of operations and a workflow to successfully carry out these tasks. The primary stage in design of workflow is to identify the work centre, which will exist in any kitchen There are two stages that help in making a workflow Identification of the work centre Production layout Production layout Product layout the equipment used in specific food production Process layout the technique of cooking is used in production http://zalite.org/resources/_wsb_488x367_kitchen+concept.jpg Lets take an example of fish and chips in a fast food outlet. Product layout where work centre where specific food product is made by using own equipment process for example; chilling fat fryers. Process layout where work centre perform a particular process for example; frying, chilling In kitchen operations the workflow systematically starts right from the receiving of materials to storage of materials, to preparation, to preparation to finish holding to service, to dish washing and pot washing and other cleanup to garbage disposal of the leftover materials that cannot be used. The stages of the workflow are closely linked to the central points of food safety management system. While working in the kitchen the equipment needs the minimum worker attention and the materials and tools should receive minimum handling. Kitchen space should allow service operations space in order to work and keep things. There should be maximum utilization of space and equipments should be achieved through the proper workflow. At all times the quality control must be sought at all critical points and minimum cost of production should be sought. WORKFLOW (SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS) The Chisholm hotel is currently operates on a cook-fresh method of food production. The ordering is done by word of mouth and fresh food items are delivered thrice a week. All the food items are issued as and when required the Chisholm hotel is undergoing the refurbishment program to increase its conference and banqueting services. As if now the Chisholm kitchen consists of a chest freezer, a walk in chill room and a small store facility. Proper Workflow always aims to minimize the criss-crossing and back tracking between the sections. Effective workflow help in a prompt, effective, smooth production and service with the minimum expenditure of worker time and energy. Reduces the time incurred in delays and storage of materials in processing and serving. Ensuring workers and materials should travel minimum distances. Ordering At present ordering is done by the head chef over the telephone. All the food items are ordered as and when required the communication mishap leads to unnecessary chaos. As this method of ordering involves no paperwork or use of any computer software, it states that there is no formal records are maintained while ordering. Receiving Fresh food items are delivered three times a week as ordered by the head chef. All the receiving is done y the store person with the help of a storekeeping assistant. Storing The Chisholm hotel is equipped with a small dry store facility a walk in chill room and a large chest freezer. When the food items arrives at the Chisholm hotel it is stored in the conventional fridges and frozen item is stored a chest freezer. Issuing All the food items are issued as and when required. There is one storekeeper full time and a storekeeper assistant working part time. The store person does the issuing. Preparation All the mise-en-place and other preparations before actual cooking is done takes place in this section and this section is connected with pot wash as every food preparation requires a constant supply of clean kitchen equipments. Cooking At present â€Å"The Chisholm† hotel is operating on a cook-fresh method of food production. This section is very well connected with the pot wash for the constant supply of clean kitchen equipments and utensils. A proper system of waste removal is done from preparation and cooking section to prevent any contamination of food. Service of food As soon as the food is prepared it is ready to be served. The food service is done immediately to the customer. Task 2b Identification and brief explanation of factors that may influence the workflow in a hotel kitchen Techniques used for preparation of workflow Identification of work centre Techniques used for work centre Equipments used Production process Staff required An effective workflow design and its proper implementation always help to reduce cost and increase efficiency in the kitchen. Layout of kitchen Availability of raw material (seasonal/frozen) Planning of menu Equipments in use Service operation style Production system in use Number of covers served Employees / training Budget and costing Type of clientele Law and regulations Layout of kitchen The plan or the layout of the kitchen is always determined by the policies, which the catering establishments follow. Each catering establishment policies are different from the other and all the pre production, production and postproduction all the activities includes the following. Receiving, pre-preparation area and storage. Cooking area Dispatching and wash up areas. Floorings Resources (gas, electricity, water) Ventilation Work space Workflow plays a very significant role in designing a layout of the kitchen. Considering the expansion of the hotel the layout of the Kitchen has been redesigned and revised. Since now the hotel is expanding its number of covers there is bound to be more people, more space and varied menu involved thus influencing directly over the layout of the kitchen. Thus if there is more business a hotel would need more people for the production and more space so as they are able to perform as per the needs which thus in turn states clearly workflow influencing layout. If the kitchen is not designed as required, it will affect workflow in not been able to cook properly due to lack of cooking areas and washing areas and accidents due to lack of space thus affecting the business. Availability of raw materials In any catering establishment all its production is dependent on the availability of the raw materials. It is the basic necessity of any catering establishment to have enough suppliers policies and procedures for the smooth operations. In the hotel it is always kept in consideration that the availability of raw materials is limited and as per the season. Always fresh items are not available so if there is a need the frozen items should be used. To ensure a smooth workflow availability of ingredients are must. Without which consistency in menu cannot be achieved which would directly affect the business. There must be ample storage of such items to avoid any disruption in the level of service. For example if the raw material is not available at time the chefs cant start the preparation thus it will lead delays and smooth operation of workflow. Planning of menu Menu planning plays an important role. Menu planning is done in before hand keeping the function and the availability of raw materials in that particular time in mind. Workflow plays a very significant part in designing a menu. To have an effective workflow availability of resources, which includes availability of space and equipments for preparation, raw ingredients, specialized people to carry out the task must be present. The combination of these factors creates an effective workflow plan in the organization, which in turns helps in creating an effective menu. Thus making a Chinese menu in the hotel without have the appropriate kitchen and people would indeed disrupt the workflow of the organization as food would be prepared in inappropriate utensils by inexperienced business clearly affecting the service of the place. Equipments in use As there is lot of equipments are available in the market for the specific use. For any catering establishment it is not possible to have all the equipments. So what ever is available in the kitchen the maximum utilization of that equipment should be done for the smooth workflow and each catering establishment should have the minimum equipments to ease the food handlers in day-to-day preparation. Kitchen must be well equipped with the basic equipments mentioned and enforced by the food safety laws. Lack of appropriate equipments does disrupt the workflow as if the food is prepared in non-suitable equipments, it might take more time, spoil the preparation of the food and also may lead to accidents. All these factors would clearly hamper the service and workflow of the place. Thus setting a Chinese menu without having woks and high flame gas burners would affect the workflow of the place and may result in non-satisfactory results. Service operations / style It is always considered to set a style of service operations before hand and should be followed the same way to eliminate miscommunication and mishandlings. Workflow is affective when there is a consistency in the set of styles followed. If the rules of operations are preset and staff is trained on that there is always a chance of smooth running of the operations. As the staff is clearly are of what is expected of them and how they have to achieve it. Since the chances of a consistent services are higher business operations runs smoothly without any disruption. This is the reason why hotel is designed through a step-by-step process to get the task done to have a better workflow in the organization. Production system in use For any catering establishment it is very important to have a set production system that they will follow and according to that the workflow charts are prepared. A catering establishment should follow cook fresh, cook- chill, cook freeze or combination of these production systems as per their needs. It is very important for an organization to understand its operations before designing the systems. For an organization catering a large number of guests cook fresh method is not suitable, as it will directly affect the workflow of the place. Number of covers It is always estimated before hand the serving capacity of the catering establishment. The number of covers i.e. the maximum number of customers the catering establishment can serve at a given time. For an example a restaurant of 100 covers it is not possible to cater to 300covers, as there is not sufficient kitchen space present to cook, not enough equipments and not enough people who can prepare and cater to these covers. Thus it will affect the workflow, and can create inconsistent service and accidents. Employees / staffing plays a crucial role. In any catering establishment there are both skilled and un skilled food handlers to achieve the maximum output the employees have to mixed up in such a way that the catering establishment production output doesnt get affected. In any work scenario effective staffing plays a very crucial role in creating an effective workflow. This would mean that if hotel has a large banqueting function ahead then the staffing should be done in such a manner that there should be enough experienced skilled chefs to handle the situation. Budget and costing Every catering establishment works for making profits. To achieve the profits there are certain set standards in terms of money investments and returns. A budgeting and costing is done to ensure that the establishment is on a right track and cutting down on each and every unnecessary move that involves expenditure of money. Effective workflow would also mean correct budgeting and ordering. This means that assigning proper cost and proper ordering for every department. If it is ordered more than required it may mean surplus of items and thus need more storing space and thus blocking the money. On the other hand that blocked money can be utilized for buying an extra machine or day-to-day stuff for an effective workflow And takes the work pressure from the chefs. Type of clientele Every establishment is unique in its own serving customers and each establishment aims to satisfy a set type of clientele. For example Chinese restaurant it serves Chinese delicacies and aims to serve the person who loves Chinese food. To cater to Chinese clients the hotel should have appropriate kitchen and resources, which can provide effective services. Thus workflow and resources should be developed keeping clientele in mind. Law and regulations It is mandatory for every food production-catering establishment to abide by the rules and regulations laid by the government. Every establishment should always fulfill at least the minimum requirements of food safety and food handling procedures. Kitchen should be designed in such a way that it should not disrupt the food safety principles which would mean that if a person is cutting meat in the restaurant, sink should be present near to the desk to avoid any spillage and unnecessary movement in the kitchen area which may leads to accidents. All the above-mentioned factors are thoroughly reviewed by any catering establishment or food production organization before setting up the workflow in the production areas. As it is said that any kitchen is not perfect it is very important to follow up and work hard to keep up the good work for a smooth and successful workflow in any catering establishment kitchen. Effectiveness of the workflow: The workflow carried out is very effective, as it will help to apply HACCP. The workflow is very simple without any blocking and is processed according to the stages. After cooking the food is chilled in blast chill which helps to reduce the temperature of the food and is than stored in freezer, if the food is stored directly in freezer it will increase the temperature of the other food and will lead to the bacterial growth with less storage life of food. The food is regenerated on event days, which help to reduce the cooking time and the staff involved. Thus the workflow carried will be effective. TASK 2C A structured appraisal of the effectiveness of the current workflow in the Chisholms kitchen explaining the impact of the influencing factors. The diagram illustrates the recommended workflow of the Chisholm hotel after refurbishment. The above-illustrated diagram suggests a wide scope of improvements in the current Chisholm hotel kitchen with a little addition of new equipments and implementing new technologies. As per scenario the Chisholm hotel and conference centre is using a cook fresh production system. The stores are purchased by a word to mouth from the head chef to the store person; no written communication is carried out thus, leading to the communication breakdown. Workflow in the Chisholm hotel is as follows Workflow Pre-Preparation Production Servery Service to customers The key factors that will influence the above-mentioned workflow in the Chisholm are: The layout and design of the kitchen Storage area Production system Equipments Food safety procedures Staffing structure and training of staff Importance of communication at all levels At every level these key factors are kept in mind and the ways of improving the existing workflow is based upon. Ordering As the present scenario there is no formal method of ordering or documentation of the same is done that impacts in communication breakdowns and hinders the production as it leads to the shortage of the food supplies for the production. A new ordering system should be implemented which will be easy to refer back to. It is recommended to have an ordering sheet and should be filled up properly so that it can be referred back easily if there are any communication breakups. As Chisholm hotel wants to implement new technologies for hassle free work a computerized system is the best option for this purpose itll not only help to do things faster as well as minimize the paperwork and save time and money. Receiving As there is an urgent need of proper training for the store assistant schedule to be fixed to provide him the basic food safety and hygiene training. A logbook should be made to register the entries for items received. All the items for food preparation should be thoroughly checked before receiving and any item, which is not up to the set standards or doesnt fulfill the Chisholm set policies should be returned as later if the food items are received without checking and getting spoiled in the fridges it can cross contaminate with the other food items and when it is needed there is nothing to prepare and will lead to impact on the workflow. A proper documentation of temperature records of goods and items received is maintained in order to avoid any issues arising at the time of checking done by the food and safety inspector. Storing At present the storage space at the Chisholm hotel is very limited as there is a small dry storing area, chest freezer and a walk in chill room that is not sufficient to store large quantities of frozen foods which will be required to serve the increased capacity of the Chisholm hotel and conference centre. The current storing area is small and its difficult to keep the food items separate according to the food hygiene regulation 2006 England, with the current storing area there is always a probability of food getting cross contaminated as the lack of space the raw food and the cooked food are kept in the same storing areas. Storing facilities needs to be reviewed as the hotel is undergoing the process of refurbishment and aiming to cater 1500 covers thus an efficient storing system will help in maintaining a good shelf life of the food items and reduce the process of deteriorating of the food items. Issuing A new approach of issuing is to be implemented in the Chisholm hotel rather than issuing whatever is needed at that point of time. A computerized inventory system must be introduced for issuing of all the production items. A fixed time of issuing the stores should be carried out this will help to plan in advance for the banqueting functions and helps in reducing wastage of food items thus, providing the Chisholm hotel a better control of stock keeping and lowers down the cost and the discrepancies it will help the staff in well advance as they will plan according to it and can work smoothly. Pre-Preparation /Cooking As the current production system that is cook-fresh, would increase the work pressure on the kitchen brigade and thus leads to the smooth running of the kitchen functions. It is very difficult to prepare a cook- fresh method of food production to cater a large number of guests with the current staffing and lack of cooking equipments. Planning plays an important role in pre preparation stage for a better service and to provide best service to the customer. Its all about planning all the preparation is done correctly in advance in a convenient manner while following the food safety and hygiene regulations. It is very important in this stage to protect the food items from any contamination due to negligence or mishandling of food or the processing techniques. All the food items should be cooked according to the set standards and HACCP guidelines should be followed. A written document of temperature records should be maintained at all times. While cooking meat joints and other food items the temperature of the thickest part should reach at least 70*c to avoid any bacterial growth. Regeneration/holding of food As the equipments currently used in the Chisholm are not very effective for its increased catering objectives. With the introduction of the cook-chill and cook-freeze methods special kitchen equipment know as a blast chiller should be installed in the Chisholm hotel food production area. The Chisholm Hotel should improve on the regeneration area where the cold food is kept cold and hot food is kept hot for service. The additions of new equipments will helps the kitchen brigade to cook and store accordingly and thus, leads to an efficient workflow as the food items are cooked and stored in advance. The other main problem with the Chisholm kitchen is that the frequent breakdown of the equipments, as the failure of the equipments at the time of service leads to panic in the kitchen staff and hinders to the smooth workflow. Service Currently there is no training is provided to the staff at the time of hiring or any kind of induction at the time of joining the organization. The new staff faces a tough challenge in knowing the working system, the food safety and hygiene procedures that prevails in the Chisholm hotel. The untrained staff thus leads in the unwanted situations and cause disruption in the workflow. For every conferencing or banqueting function to be successful prompt service is the most important thing. The success of any food and beverage establishment depends on the skill and ability to deliver in any situation with excellence to their customers provided by the food handlers. Apart from all these factors communication as whole plays a vital role as the smooth communication leads to the effective and smooth workflow. Whether at the time of ordering the food requisitions to the suppliers or at the time of following the standard recipes, while working in a busy environment an effective communication can solve any disruption or issues and helps an organization with a smooth and effective workflow. Bibliography Peter Jones (2002) Introduction to hospitality operations: an indispensable guide to the industry, Cengage Learning Fine A.G. (2002) Kitchens: The Culture of Restaurant Work, University of California Press Malhotra R. K. (1997) Encyclopaedia of Hotel Management and Tourism,Anmol Publications PVT. LTD Heinemann e,tal (2007) Level 2 Diploma in Professional Cookery, Heinemann Foskett, D etal (2008)the theory of cookery,hooder education. http://www.expresshospitality.com/20060215/management08.shtml http://mulinet9.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/4237676.pdf http://dualittoasters.vox.com/library/post/kitchen-equipment-factors-influencing-their-selection.html http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119138221/abstract?CRETRY=1SRETRY=0

The Curse Of The Dot Com :: essays research papers

The Curse of the Dot Com   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the last few years, we have all seen commercials and other advertisements for all kinds of Internet companies. It started an Internet revolution, including such common things as shopping, stock trading, even entertainment. Recently, however, many have noticed that so many of these once growing companies no longer exist. They filed bankruptcy. Why? Because this new market became saturated, and there was not enough demand to support all of the companies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here’s an example; Mother Nature dot com. The company went belly up in 2000, and actually started the trend. We all saw the ads for Mother Nature dot com, they were the ones with all the natural health supplements. The problem was, the supplement trend is still new, and people jumping on the wagon want to have it as soon as possible, and Mother Nature was an online mail order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then there’s the most famous belly-up dot com; Pets dot com. Everyone knew their slogan; â€Å"Pets dot com, because pets can’t drive.† They had the funny little sock puppet dog as a spokesman. Publicity wasn’t their problem. As a pet owner, I can tell you that when I get something for my dogs, I don’t know what I’ll get before I leave the store. I need to browse the store to know what there is. An Internet site won’t let you just see what’s there, you can’t feel it, or touch it. Sure, that system works well if you know what you want, but what if you’re not sure?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet companies are going bankrupt mainly because not that many people like the idea of not seeing, touching, etc., what they bought until a week or more after they bought it. You can see some harm to on site stores from dot coms; it helped Wards to close their doors.

THE FORMAL PAPER :: writing

THE FORMAL PAPER An Overview The analytical paper can take many forms depending on the discipline for which you are writing the paper. As well, the bibliographic and footnote/parenthetical reference format you use will be different for English and Spanish papers. Please discuss the format of your paper, including bibliographic references, with your teacher BEFORE you get started. The following will provide you with an overview of a generic analytical essay, and, on the back, some sample portions of a student essay: IN GENERAL The analytical essay is generally three parts. All classical essays choose an existing controversy within a particular field to investigate. The focus of the paper is to defend one side in this controversy. Your statement of opinion, stating which side you will be defending, is called the Thesis Statement. The Thesis is defended by using specific arguments, which will be developed in the different sections of your paper (see below) and supported by specific support from the sources you acquire through your investigation. As well please keep in mind the following: "  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the paper should always be written in third person; "  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the paper should always be written in present tense; "  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  avoid unsubstantiated (and inflammatory or dramatic) opinion; "  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  do not refer to the process of writing the paper in the paper; "  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  clearly proofread. PART ONE The first part of the paper is your introduction. You should begin with a broad statement which refers to your topic and then narrow to the specifics of your particular focus. Next you offer any relevant background information and define any specific terminology that you may use in the paper. This is also the time to introduce and define your arguments without specifically referring to any support from the texts. Finally, you should conclude this paragraph with your Thesis Statement which also includes your main arguments. (i.e. Hence, The Scarlet Letter is a romance novel because it contains a strong sense of beauty in the world, a vivid imagination that can construct fantastic dream worlds, an interest in ancient legends and traditions, and a deep sympathy with obscure or humble people.) This section is only one paragraph; however, it is vital to the development and understanding of your paper. Please note, however, that you should begin your research with a Thesis Statement but you will be modifying it as your research and understanding of the controversy unfolds. PART TWO The second part of your paper is the body of the paper. Here you will be presenting the arguments you have which defend your Thesis Statement and the research which supports those arguments.

How major minerals differentiate from trace minerals

How are the major minerals differentiated from the hint minerals? What are 2 factors that can diminish bioavailability of a mineral? What are 3 maps of minerals in the organic structure? Minerals that we need to devour more than 100mg per twenty-four hours see as major mineral, minerals that we need to devour less than 100mg per twenty-four hours is considered as trace mineral ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . The bioavailability of a mineral is referred to a step of the proportion of the sum in a diet that is absorbed and utilized for normal organic structure map. The sum of mineral that is absorbed from the GI piece of land determines their bioavailability. However it is different between minerals. Bioavailability is affected by the interactions with other dietetic constituents in the GI piece of land. For illustration, vitamin C enhances iron soaking up but tannins suppress it. Besides, the looks of cellular transporters, which allow the mineworkers to be transported into blood stream from stomachic lms, besides affect the bioavailability. When there is less transported, intending the mineral will hold lower bioavailability ( Harvey, L 2001 ) . Minerals in our organic structure keep the H2O balance in our organic structure. The concentration of the minerals in and out of the cells drives the H2O in and out of the cells. When the concentration of Na is higher in the cell, the H2O will travel into the cell through osmosis. Besides, Na, K and Ca assistance in the transmittal of nervousnesss urges throughout the organic structure. In the absence of Ca, musculus contractions will ne'er happen. Some minerals like Mg, Cu and Se act as cofactors and enable enzymes to transport out chemical reactions ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . What are the chief maps of Na and how is extra Na eliminated from the organic structure? Intakes of salt in the Australian diet remain high ; explicate why there is a demand for Na at all in the diet. What are some schemes for diminishing Na in the diet? Excess Na is eliminated out of the organic structure by micturition. When the Na degree is high in our organic structure, we have higher blood force per unit area. This reduces the production of chymosin enzyme by kidney. Therefore, angiotensinogen is less produced, so angiotesin II is non form. Angiotesin II helps in the release of aldosterone by adrenal secretory organ. Since the permeableness of kidney tubule is controlled by the aldosterone, the kidney tubule is non permeable to sodium when the Na degree in blood is high. Therefore, the Na is so excreted together with H2O in the signifier of piss ( Campbell et al. 2009 ) . Sodium helps in the soaking up of glucose and some aminic acids in little bowel. Besides, it is of import in musculus contraction and presenting the nervus impulse through the nervus cells. Muscle contraction and nervus impulse conductivity is conducted by the shifting of both the K and Na ion across the nervus cell membrane. Sodium besides aids in H2O balance. Sodium is the chief solute in extracellular fluid. It regulates the ECF and plasma volume. When the sum of Na in organic structure additions, more H2O is retained in our organic structure until extra Na is excreted ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . There is a demand for Na at all in the diet because salt is of import in the agitation of nutrients. Fermentation preserves nutrients for due to the suppression of peculiar types of bugs. Salt inhibits the growing of spoilage bacteriums and Fungis that present in the nutrient. Salt besides helps to pull H2O and sugars out of works tissues during agitation of veggies which reduces O and prevents the growing of lactic acid bacteriums. Salt is besides used in the processing of merchandises such as sausages and restructured meats. The presence of salt solubilizes myofibrillar proteins that are indissoluble in H2O. It helps to pull out these salt-soluble proteins to the surface of the meat and lodge the little pieces of meat together during cookery ( National Center for Biotechnology Information 2010 ) . Schemes for diminishing Na in the diet are to cook the nutrient with small salt. Beside, nutrient can be prepared with sodium-free flavoring such as basil, bay foliages, curry, garlic and ginger. Last, ever choice low-salt merchandise or salt-free merchandises when available ( Rolfes, Pinna & A ; Whitney 2006 ) . Where is most K in the organic structure found? What are 2 serious upsets linked to low K consumptions? Why is hyperkalemia rare? Potassium is largely found in the cells of the organic structure and performs many of the same maps as Na. Low blood K is known as hypokalemia. It is a life endangering disease. Low K can besides do high blood force per unit area. Hyperkalemia is rare because even though the consumption of K is high, the extra K is readily excreted by kidney ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . What are the maps of Mg in the diet? Where is Mg in the organic structure found and what are the symptoms of Mg lack. Which groups are most likely to be magnesium deficient? Magnesium is of import in stabilising the ATP by adhering to the phosphate group of this molecule. Magnesium is needed by more than 300 enzymes that utilize ATP, including those required for energy metamorphosis, musculus contraction and protein synthesis. Magnesium is besides needed for Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA synthesis. Its function in Ca metamorphosis contributes to cram construction to cram construction and mineralization. It is besides of import for nervus transmittal, bosom and smooth musculus contraction. It besides decreases blood force per unit area by distending the arterias, prevents bosom beat abnormalcies and protect against bilestone formation ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . Magnesium is chiefly stored in bone. Magnesium lack causes irregular pulse, sometimes accompanied by failing, musculus cramp, freak out, sickness, purging and ictuss. This is due to the damage of Na and K pumping ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . Magnesium lack most frequently occurs in people who have been fed intravenously for a long clip, whose diet does n't incorporate adequate Mg, or who are unable to absorb and egest the mineral decently ( Harvey 2001 ) . Describe the function of Ca in the patterned advance of osteoporosis, including in your drumhead an overview of Ca metamorphosis, demands in the lifecycle and Ca beginnings. Further discourse how make parathyroid endocrine and vitamin D regulate serum Ca? Osteoporosis is a disease caused by the low consumption of Ca. When Ca consumption is unequal, organic structure withdraws Ca s from the bone to maintain the indispensable map of Ca. For illustration, Ca is needed to maintain our musculus catching ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) . Bone formation needs Ca and P and other minerals. As bone begins to organize, Ca salts and phosphorus signifier crystal, hydroapatite, and bind with the collagen fibres. As the crystal become denser ( mineralization ) , they give strength and rigidness to the maturating castanetss. Collagen protein allows the skeleton to absorb impact. When Ca degree in blood is low, parathyroid endocrine is released by parathyroid secretory organ. This endocrine associated with 1,25 ( OH ) 2 vitamin D stimulate the release of Ca from the bone into blood stream to increase the Ca degree in blood. Besides, the endocrine besides increases the consumption of Ca in bowel to increase blood Ca degree. Third, parathyroid secretory organ besides increases blood Ca in association with 1,25 ( OH ) 2 vitamin D to increase the kidneysaa‚Â ¬a„? resorption of Ca which eventually prevent the elimination of Ca. When blood Ca degree is high, the release of parathyroid endocrine falls. This causes the Ca elimination via the piss to increase. The synthesis of 1,25 ( OH ) 2 vitamin D besides decreases, doing bead in Ca soaking up. Besides, thyroid secretory organ secretes hormone calcitonin which prevents the Ca from loss from castanetss. The Ca degree in blood eventually back to norm al degree. Calciums are usually come from yoghurt, milk and cereal ( Bryd-Bredbenner et al. 2009 ) .

A Report on Customer Care Improvement By Robert L Fousler

Following the article in the Standard Newspaper dated 8/07/1998 on â€Å"Customer Care Improvement by Robert L Fousler (MD) Consultant s for Effective Training, I am in total agreement with him concerning the points that he has put forth concerning Customer Care within business organizations. Customer Care is an important point in management and should be carried out by any manager within any business organization irrespective of what departments he is directly of indirectly in charge of. It is important to note that a business or organization cannot effectively attract customersclients if it cannot deal with its internal clients. In any business/organization, internal clients are the employees within the organization. Mr. Fousler mentions that in Kenya, many industries in the market and developing from a â€Å"Sellers† market into a â€Å"Buyers† market. This means that the only difference between one Seller and another will be in the quality of the service rendered to them. In addition to this, the expectations and demands of clients have been increasing and have been rapidly dynamic over the past five years and in order for you to please, and indeed, maintain a client then the services rendered to them should be adequate and ready to fulfill their needs. Most service industries, if not all, are all client/customer oriented and they depend on the client to pay for their services that are intangible. With this in mind, it is in their best interest to ensure that the services they offer are useful to the client and that the Customer Support is highly advanced and effectively operational. In reference to this, it is important for organizations, particularly those in the service industry, to realize that their future success is dependant on managers viewing their staff as the most important assets they have and that everything depends on how they work as a team. He goes on to mention that Customer Care skills should not only be offered to staff in service-oriented organizations but to all organizations in general. If people can serve one another and each department serving the other, then the Customer Service skills will be extended to the â€Å"External† customer. He also highlights the importance of Customer Care in any organization and says that it is not wise to train only certain sections in the organization since everything everyone does in the organization has an impact on the client in one way or the other. Therefore, everyone must be included in Customer Care oriented seminars because they create awareness in staff of the importance of gaining such skills. After the training has been undertaken, then the most important task is to implement it. This includes maintaining a high level of outgoing commitment and insists that this can only be done by each department having â€Å"Ownership† of the process, so that Customer Care is supported by committed individuals and teams rather than just by management. He says that one way of promoting the training is to have an incentive to bolster the training that has been carried out. An example would be to give gifts or rewards to those who improve the most in the service they give to both internal and external customers. Under Evaluation, he says that it is not easy to quantify but one good approach would be to do a â€Å"Before† and â€Å"After† survey of the complaints received from External customers.